Holden's History of Queensbury

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Re: Holden's History of Queensbury

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A History of the Town of Queensbury, continued ...

A. W. Holden, M.D.

PART II

HISTORY OF QUEENSBURY.

CHAPTER IV.
, continued ...

A mile and a half further on, the advanced guard of about one hundred Indians was encountered and driven back upon the main body under the command of the Sieur de la Durantaye, when the rangers being completely outflanked and greatly outnumbered were routed and defeated with great slaughter, the French account 8 claiming that they brought back one hundred and forty-six scalps, and retained only three prisoners to furnish live letters to their father.

The same account adds in a vein of grim humor, "our Indians would not give any quarter."

The French loss was reported at twenty-seven killed and wounded. 9

Rogers's force, dispersed and scattered through the woods, sought safety in flight or temporary concealment, the snow being very deep rendered pursuit both difficult and dangerous.

As snow shoes constituted a part of the rangers' outfit, they became an important agency in the escape of those who survived the conflict.

It was the memorable events connected with this affair that has made Rogers's rock an object of interest to tourists and a landmark of history.

8 Documents relating to the Colonial Hist. of N.Y., vol. X, p. 693.

9 The same extraordinary discrepancies attend the reports of this affair that characterize the returns connected with all the forest frays and general engagements of this war. The English account makes the French loss over fifty at the first fire, while the number of Canadians and Indians engaged is stated at seven hundred. The official returns of the English loss, including killed, wounded and missing was ninety-five.

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Re: Holden's History of Queensbury

Post by thelivyjr »

A History of the Town of Queensbury, continued ...

A. W. Holden, M.D.

PART II

HISTORY OF QUEENSBURY.

CHAPTER IV.
, continued ...

The fugitives were met near the Narrows on their retreat by Capt. John Stark 10 with a timely reinforcement, and a supply of blankets, sleighs and provisions.

They reached Fort Edward on the night of the fifteenth.

Pursuant to orders awaiting him, Rogers repaired to New York, to confer with General Abercrombie, by whom he was received with distinguished consideration, and who, at this time conferred upon him the rank and commission of major.

He was instructed to report to Lord Howe, who was then at Albany engaged in organizing the army and making other preparations for the campaign.

After concerting and maturing their plans, Rogers hurried north and resumed command of his justly celebrated corps.

Colonel Grant was now in command at Fort Edward.

The rangers were immediately divided into several detachments, and despatched by various routes to the north in quest of information.

Captain Stark was sent down the west side of the lake to reconnoitre the enemy's position at Ticonderoga.

The celebrated chief Nawnawapatconks, or Captain Jacobs, with a large party of Mohegan Indians, proceeded down the east side of the lake on a similar errand.

Captain Burbank with another party was despatched to harass the enemy and if possible to take some prisoners; while Major Rogers, with a party of eighteen, proceeded to Crown Point, where one Frenchman was killed, and three others made prisoners.

With the latter, he reached camp on the ninth of May.

From that time to the tenth of June, Rogers's journal gives evidence of almost constant, and frequently perilous scouting service.

10 John Stark was born at Londonderry, N.H., 28th August, 1728, and in 1752 was a captive among the Indians of St. Francis. He served as captain of rangers in the French war, and at the opening of the Revolution received a commission as colonel, and fought at Bunker hill in June, 1775; went in 1776 to Canada, and at Trenton commanded the van of the right wing of the American army. He was also in the battle of Princeton, but being omitted in the promotions, threw up his commission March, 1777. He raised a body of troops in New Hampshire, and in August following, defeated Col. Baum at Wallumschack. After this he was reinstated in the Continental army as brigadier general. He served in Rhode Island in 1778-9, and in 1780 in New Jersey; in 1781, had the command of the northern department, and was one of the members of the court martial on Major Andre. He died, full of years and honors, May 8th, 1822, aged 93 years, and was buried on a small hill on the banks of the Merrimack river. — Wilson's Orderly Book (Munsell's Historical Series), p. 23, Note.

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Re: Holden's History of Queensbury

Post by thelivyjr »

A History of the Town of Queensbury, continued ...

A. W. Holden, M.D.

PART II

HISTORY OF QUEENSBURY.

CHAPTER IV.
, continued ...

At this time all the detachments were ordered in, and placed under the direction of Lord Howe, who had reached Fort Edward on the eighth with one half the army.

On the twelfth, Rogers with fifty men, started on another scout in the direction of the French posts.

The next day the party was ambushed by a superior force of the enemy, in which three of the French, and eight of the Provincials were killed.

On their return, they encountered, on the twentieth, Lord Howe, who was encamped at the Half-way brook with two thousand men. 11

Having reported the result of his encounter, he obtained permission to wait on Gen. Abercrombie at Fort Edward, from whom he received instructions to rejoin his lordship with the entire corps of rangers, numbering about six hundred.

On the twenty-second, this advanced force encamped on the ruins of Fort William Henry, the rangers taking position on the west side, near the base of Rattle Snake mountain.

Several scouting parties were daily detached to keep a sharp lookout on the enemy's movements.

One of them, consisting of seventeen men and two lieutenants, was captured while proceeding down the lake in whale boats, by a force of two hundred Canadians, who intercepted and cut off their retreat.

The details of that imposing gathering, its splendid and brilliant array, the triumphal advance down Lake George, the disastrous skirmish of the morning, in which Lord Howe, the idol and hope of the English array 12 was killed, the assault and defeat at the intrenchments of Carillon, the precipitate and inglorious retreat of Abercromhie to the head of Lake George, do not come within the scope of this work.

Immediately following these events, Montcalm placed in the field several flying detachments of Canadians and Indians, whose special duty it became to harass the small outposts between Lake George and Fort Edward; cut off the supplies, baggage and munitions of the English army, and waylay several parties in their transit between the principal posts.

11 It is conjectured that this force was encamped on what is known to the present day as the garrison ground situated on the south bank of the Half-way brook about midway between the Champlain tannery, and the brickyard. The old military road at this point ran eastwardly of the plank road, crossing it at an acute angle, and crossing the brook about four rods above the present bridge. A part of the old abutments and causeway are still to be seen. The block house stood west of the brick dwelling house lately owned and occupied by Ezra Benedict. A branch road leading to the garrison ground crossed the brook a short distance below the plank road bridge. It is highly probable that at this time log buildings were erected at the lower camping ground, which were subsequently occupied by the forces under Amherst, and later on by large bodies during the Revolutionary war. The road across the flat further north, was quite tortuous in its course, crossing the track of the plank road some five or six times, and then turning off to the right in the direction of the Blind Rock.

12 Above the pedantry of holding up standards of military rules, where it was impossible to practice them, and the narrow spirit of preferring the modes of his own country, to those proved by experience to suit that in which he was to act, Lord Howe laid aside all pride and prejudice, and gratefully accepted counsel from those whom he knew to be best qualified to direct him. Madame was delighted with the calm steadiness with which he carried through the austere rules which he found necessary to lay down. In the first place he forbade all displays of gold and scarlet, in the rugged march they were about to undertake, and set the example by wearing himself an ammunition coat, that is to say, one of the surplus soldier's coats cut short. This was a necessary precaution; because in the woods the hostile Indians, who started from behind the trees, usually caught at the long and heavy skirts then worn by the soldiers; and for the same reason he ordered the muskets to be shortened, that they might not, as on former occasions, be snatched from behind by these agile foes. To prevent the march of his regiment from being descried at a distance by the glittering of their arms, the barrels of the guns were all blackened ; and to save them from the tearing of bushes, the stings of insects, etc., he set them the example of wearing leggins, a kind of buskin made of strong woolen cloth. — Memoirs of an American Lady, p. 176.

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Re: Holden's History of Queensbury

Post by thelivyjr »

A History of the Town of Queensbury, continued ...

A. W. Holden, M.D.

PART II

HISTORY OF QUEENSBURY.

CHAPTER IV.
, continued ...

Abercrombie's defeat took place on the eighth of July, 1758. 13

On Friday the twentieth of July, succeeding this event, a detachment of four hundred men, consisting of Canadians and Indians, under the command of M. St. de Luc la Corne, a colonial officer, attacked an English force of one hundred and fifty men, consisting of teamsters and an escort of soldiers, while on their way from the station at the Half-way brook, to the camp at the head of the lake.

The account here given is as nearly as can be remembered in the language of a Mr. Jones of Connecticut, who was a member of Putnam's company which arrived on the ground soon after the affray took place.

In the year 1822 he related the circumstances as here recorded, to the late Herman Peck, Esq., of this place, while on a visit to Connecticut.

It is from Mr. Peck that I obtained the narrative, which corresponds so completely with the French version of the affair that there can be no question whatever as to its general accuracy and reliability.

A baggage train of sixty carts, each cart drawn by two to three yoke of oxen, accompanied by an unusually large escort of troops, was despatched from Fort Edward to the head of Lake George with supplies for the troops of General Abercrombie, who lay encamped at that point with a force of twelve thousand men.

This party halted for the night at the stockade post at the Halfway brook.

As they resumed their march in the morning, and before the escort had fairly cleared the picketed enclosure, they were suddenly attacked by a large party of French and Indians which laid concealed in the thick bushes and reeds that bordered the stream, and lined the road on both sides, along the low lands between the block house and the Blind rock.

The night previously to this ambuscade and slaughter, Putnam's company of rangers having been to the lake to procure supplies, encamped at the flats near the southern spur of the French mountain.

In the early morning they were aroused from their slumbers by the sound of heavy firing in a southerly direction, and rolling up their blankets they sprang to their arms and hastened rapidly forward to the scene of action, a distance of about four miles.

They arrived only in time to find the slaughtered carcasses of some two hundred and fifty oxen, the mangled remains of the soldiers, women and teamsters, and the broken fragments of the two wheeled carts, which constituted in that primitive age the sole mode of inland transportation.

The provisions and stores had been plundered and destroyed.

Among the supplies were a large number of boxes of chocolate which had been broken open and their contents strewed upon the ground, which dissolving in the fervid heat of the summer sun, mingled with the pools and rivulets of blood forming a sickening and revolting spectacle.

The convoy had been ambushed and attacked immediately after leaving the protection of the stockade post, and the massacre took place upon the flats, between the Half-way brook, and the Blind rock, or what is more commonly known at the present day as the Miller place.

13 Col. Cumming, who had been left in charge of a detachment at the head of Lake George at the time of Abercrombie's advance, received a letter from James Cunningham aid-de-camp, dated French advanced guard, July 8, 1758, in which was the following order: "finish all your stockaded forts immediately, and particularly the hospital." — Lossing's Life and Times of Philip Schuyler, vol. I, p. 154.

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Re: Holden's History of Queensbury

Post by thelivyjr »

A History of the Town of Queensbury, continued ...

A. W. Holden, M.D.

PART II

HISTORY OF QUEENSBURY.

CHAPTER IV.
, continued ...

Putnam with his command, took the trail of the marauders, which soon became strewed with fragments of plunder dropped by the rapidly retreating savages.

They were followed to Ganaouski bay, on the west side of Lake George, where Putnam arrived only in time to find them embarked in their canoes, at a safe distance from musket shot, on the waters of the lake; and their discovery was responded to by insulting and obscene gestures, and yells of derision and defiance.

The provincials returned immediately to the scene of the butchery, where they found a company from Fort Edward engaged in preparing a trench for the interment of the dead.

Over one hundred of the soldiers composing the escort were slain, many of whom were recognized as officers, from their uniform, consisting in part of red velvet breeches.

The corpses of twelve females were mingled with the dead bodies of the soldiery.

All the teamsters were supposed to have been killed.

While the work of burial was going forward the rangers occupied themselves in searching the trails leading through the dense underbrush and tangled briars which covered the swampy plains.

Several dead bodies were by these means added to the already large number of the slain.

On the side of one of these trails, the narrator of these events saw a new unhemmed bandanna handcherchief fluttering from the twigs of an old tree that laid among the weeds near the brook.

This he found perforated with a charge of buck shot, part of which remained enveloped in its folds.

Following up the trail, he soon found the corpse of a woman which had been exposed to the most barbarous indignities and mutilations, and fastened in an upright position to a sapling which had been bent over for the purpose.

All of the bodies had been scalped, and most of them mangled in a horrible manner.

One of the oxen had no other injury, than to have one of its horns cut out; it was still alive and bellowing with agony.

This they were obliged to kill.

Another ox had been regularly scalped.

This animal was afterwards driven to the lake, where it immediately became an object of sympathy and attention of the whole army.

By careful attendance and nursing, the wound healed in the course of the season.

In the fall the animal was driven down to the farm of Col. Schuyler, near Albany, and the following year was shipped to England for exhibition as a curiosity.

Far and wide it was known as the scalped ox.

The bodies of the dead were buried in a trench near the scene of massacre, a few rods east of the picketed enclosure.

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Re: Holden's History of Queensbury

Post by thelivyjr »

A History of the Town of Queensbury, continued ...

A. W. Holden, M.D.

PART II

HISTORY OF QUEENSBURY.

CHAPTER IV.
, continued ...

The French version of the affair, 14 states the oxen were killed, the carts burnt, the property pillaged by the Indians, one hundred and ten scalps were secured, and eighty-four prisoners taken; of these twelve are women and girls.

The escort which was defeated consisted of forty men commanded by a lieutenant who has been taken.

The remainder of the men who were killed or taken prisoners consisted of wagoners, sutlers, traders, women and children.

The English 'tis known feel this loss very sensibly.

Some baggage and effects belonging to General Abercrombie, as well as his music, were among the plunder.

On the news of this defeat, the English general sent a very considerable force in pursuit, under the command of the partisan Robert Rogers, but he was too late.

He was on the point of returning, when, on the advice of a colonial gunner, a deserter, he received orders to lay in ambush to surprise a third detachment which the Marquis de Montcalm had just despatched 15 under the orders of M. Marin, a colonial officer of great reputation.

This detachment was composed of fifty regulars, one hundred Canadians, and one hundred and fifty Indians.

That of the enemy, of about seven hundred men.

They met in the woods, about seven o'clock in the morning of the eighth of August, and in spite of superior numbers, M. Marin, made his arrangements to fight the enemy.

He forced them to waver by two volleys, which killed a great many; but having been supported by the regulars, they rallied, and the firing was brisk on both sides for nearly an hour.

M. Marin, perceiving that they were receiving a reinforcement, and the Indians, who feared that they would not be able to carry off some wounded, demanding to retire, he was obliged to think of retreating, which he did in good order, and without being pursued, after having, for an hour longer, kept up a tire with such picked men as he had, who performed prodigies of valor.

"The Indians, in general, have also behaved well; but of one hundred Canadians, more than sixty deserted M. Marin, no one knows wherefore, at the very moment when the English were wavering.

The English loss is reported in this account at upwards of two hundred killed and two officers taken prisoners.

The French loss is stated at ten killed and eleven wounded.

The scene of this engagement was near Fort Ann.

It was here that Major Putnam was made prisoner. 16

Rogers's journal estimates the French loss at one hundred and ninety-nine.

14 M. Doreil to Marshall de Belle Isle. Documents relating to the Colonial Hist. of N.Y., vol. X, p. 818.

15 Since the great day of the 8th, Montcalm has always had some detachments in the fields to watch and harass the enemy. These detachments had likewise for object to place themselves between the enemy's intrenched camp on the ruins of Fort William Henry and Fort Edward to attack and destroy their convoys. — Ibid.

16 The extraordinary outrages and barbarities to which this gallant and spirited officer was exposed on this occasion, are detailed at length in his biographies. He was carried to Montreal and detained a prisoner until after the capture of Fort Frontenac, when, through the instrumentality of Col. Schuyler, he was exchanged. In Putnam's narrative, the leader of the expedition is mentioned as the famous partisan Molang.

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Re: Holden's History of Queensbury

Post by thelivyjr »

A History of the Town of Queensbury, continued ...

A. W. Holden, M.D.

PART II

HISTORY OF QUEENSBURY.

CHAPTER IV.
, continued ...

About this period a stockade fort with earthworks, trenches, and a palisaded enclosure was thrown up on what was then called Picket brook, a small rivulet which crosses the plank road about one-eighth of a mile south of the upper toll gate by Brown's half way house, and empties itself into a stream known in the earlier annals of the town as Hampshire creek or Rocky brook, but now called Trout brook.

This fortification was erected on the south side of the rivulet, to which led a covered way even now to be distinctly traced.

It was called Fort Williams, 17 and was designed as a depot for provisions and munitions of war, and also as a halting place for the numerous parties of teamsters and soldiers, scouts and patrols continually passing to and fro on the old military highway between Lake George and Fort Edward.

On the sixteenth of July, a detachment of Canadians and Indians, under the command of M. de Courtemanche, a colonial captain, was despatched from the fortress of Carillon, with a view to harass the English camp, cut off its convoys and supplies of provisions and to take scalps and prisoners.

They fell, unexpectedly as usual, upon Col. Nichol's regiment then quartered at the post by the Half-way brook, and killed three captains and twenty men. 18

The French account states that they attacked a party of three hundred English, which had taken refuge in a stockaded enclosure lately erected as a depot.

They succeeded in taking twenty-four scalps and making ten prisoners.

The impatience of the Indians in making the attack, prevented the massacre from being more complete.

Rogers, who was at this time on a scout to South bay, discovered this attacking party on its way up the east side, and estimated the number at one thousand men. 19

17 Vide Pouchot's Memoirs, vol. II, p. 52, for map of the frontiers of the French and English colonies, originally published in this work, in which Fort Williams is laid down a little to the south of Lake George.

18 A few days before, a detachment of five hundred men under the orders of M. de Courte-Mauche, had taken forty scalps, and brought to camp five prisoners." — Pouchot's Memoirs, vol. I, p. 123, Hough's Translation.

19 "From these, and other slaughters, this (i. e., the Half-way) brook is sometimes called the Bloody brook." — Rogers's Journal.

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Re: Holden's History of Queensbury

Post by thelivyjr »

A History of the Town of Queensbury, continued ...

A. W. Holden, M.D.

PART II

HISTORY OF QUEENSBURY.

CHAPTER IV.
, continued ...

Another of these picket forts, capable of accommodating about three hundred men, was built somewhere near the site of Richards's steam saw-mill, on the berme side of the Glen's Falls feeder, and east of the bridge on the road leading to Sandy Hill.

Like the other picket forts, this was protected by a ditch and palisades, and was used as a halting place by wagoners and small parties of soldiers.

Connected with this post was a burial ground, which has been in use so lately as since the revolutionary war.

The old military road, instead of following the present route across the flat, led eastwardly along the margin of the elevated ground, nearly parallel with the canal.

During this season, already memorable by reason of so many bloody affrays, an attack 20 was made by a large party of Canadians and Indians, commanded by the infamous and worse than savage partisan, St. Luc, on a convoy of soldiers in charge of a valuable baggage train, which was on its way from Fort Edward to the intrenched camp at the head of Lake George, where Abercrombie remained with a force of ten thousand men as late as the month of October.

Tradition states that the head of the train had reached the elevated ground near the present rail road crossing, while the rear had not yet crossed the Cold brook.

20 For the narrative as here recorded I am chiefly indebted to the late Samuel Ranger, Esq., of this place, who was a grandson of the John Torrey mentioned in the text.
"July 27. Another party of the enemy attacked a convoy of wagons between Fort Edward and Half-way brook, and killed one hundred and sixteen men, sixteen of whom were rangers. Major Rogers attempted to intercept this party with seven hundred men, but they escaped." — Rogers's Journal.
M. Daine to the Marshal de Belle Isle.
"17th August, 1758. A courier has just arrived this moment, my lord, from Carillon with intelligence that a detachment of 400 men consisting of Canadians, colonials, and Indians, commanded by M. de la Corne St. Luc, attacked on the Lydius road, the 30th of July last, at one o'clock in the afternoon, a convoy of about 150 men who were conducting 54 wagons loaded with provisions, which they captured and destroyed, not being able to save them; they killed 230 oxen and took 80 scalps and 64 prisoners, men, women, and children. We lost only one Iroquois; two others have been slightly wounded." — Colonial Hist. of N.Y., vol. X, p. 817. In Gen. Montcalm's report the date of this affair is stated as Friday, the 20th of July. St. Luc's official report varies but slightly from the above. Ibid., p. 850.

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Re: Holden's History of Queensbury

Post by thelivyjr »

A History of the Town of Queensbury, continued ...

A. W. Holden, M.D.

PART II

HISTORY OF QUEENSBURY.

CHAPTER IV.
, continued ...

Besides provisions, quartermaster's stores, and the usual muniments of war, it is stated traditionally, that this convoy had in charge, a large camp chest filled with silver dollars, which was being transported to the head of the lake, for the purpose of paying off the soldiers.

The train was attacked with great impetuosity near its centre, and such was the momentum and rapidity of the onset, that of the entire party only one made his escape, a teamster near the rear of the column, who at the first assault, crept off his load and concealed himself by clinging to the string-pieces of the bridge crossing the Cold brook.

The remainder were either massacred 21 or taken prisoners.

The cattle were slaughtered and mutilated.

One of the soldiers forming the escort, which was composed chiefly of Massachusetts troops, seeing an Indian cutting out the tongue of a live ox, drew up and shot him, but was speedily killed in turn for his temerity.

Among the prisoners was a lad by the name of John Torrey, who had been employed as a wagoner.

He was carried to Canada, where he remained something like eighteen months before his exchange was effected.

Corroborative of this narration, is the fact that in the early part of the century, and within the memory of a few now living, the entire hill-side between the Cold brook, and the canal crossing, has been dug over, and searched for the chest of specie, which, as the marauders had no means of transportation, it is stated and believed, was buried for safe keeping until a more favorable opportunity should present for its recovery.

The expulsion of the French, and the conquest of the lake strongholds by Amherst, the following year, prevented the accomplishment of this design, and the old military treasure chest probably still remains concealed in its secret resting place near the borders of the old military highway.

These forays so oft repeated, with such disastrous effect upon the English arms, seems to have resulted in the permanent establishment of a large force at the Half-way brook, 22 for on the twenty-ninth of August we find that eight hundred men are stationed there, and although the enemy still keep flying detachments in the field, 23 no further record of wholesale massacres and butcheries appear in their reports.

Toward the very last days of October, General Abercrombie broke camp and abandoned his position at the head of the lake.

The barracks, store houses and other buildings which had been erected for the convenience of his still large army were burned, the intrenchments leveled and destroyed, the artillery, shells, and shot buried, and a sloop of war of twelve guns sunk in the lake. 24

21 In repairing the highway between Glen's Falls and Sandy Hill in 1871, parts of two human skeletons were exhumed a few rods east of the rail road crossing.

22 Aug. Ist, 1858. A deserter reports 700 men at the Half-way depot. On the 29th 800 reported at the entrepot. — Journal of events. — Col. Hist. of N.Y., vol. X, pp. 820-855.

23 In a letter of M. Daine to Marshal de Belle Isle, dated Quebec, July 31, he says: "We have at present several detachments of Canadians and Indians, roving in the neighborhood of Lydius and Fort George." — Col. Hist. of N.Y., vol. X, p. 816.

24 Letter of Montcalm to M. de Massiac. Ibid., p. 888.

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Re: Holden's History of Queensbury

Post by thelivyjr »

A History of the Town of Queensbury, continued ...

A. W. Holden, M.D.

PART II

HISTORY OF QUEENSBURY.

CHAPTER IV.
, concluded ...

Thus ignominiously ended a campaign, begun with no common energy, supported with unstinted supplies of men and material, prosecuted with great parade and vainglorious anticipations, but failed for the want of good sense and adaptation to surroundings, which in the past as well as the present generations, have led thousands of brave hearts to their doom through the high stepping, hard bitted adherence to military precedents, and schools of tactics, which great genius only could mould to success, and which to mediocrity are but leaden weights, dragging downward to failure and disgrace.

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